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鈦酸鋰電池膨脹的原因

2022-11-19

鈦酸鋰電池

鈦酸鋰電池的脹氣行業(yè)有三種提法:一是鈦酸鋰材料易吸水,吸附后的水容易變成結(jié)晶水。烘烤電池極片和電池芯時(shí),水分不易去除,導(dǎo)致結(jié)晶水與電解液反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生氣體;二是電解液對(duì)鈦酸鋰電極表面有較高的還原反應(yīng)活性,且鈦酸鋰顆粒表面可能具有催化活性點(diǎn),催化電解質(zhì)溶劑的還原分解生成氣體;第三,鈦酸鋰電極材料中可能存在TiO2相,TiO2可能對(duì)電解質(zhì)具有催化活性,使電解質(zhì)發(fā)生還原分解,產(chǎn)生氣體。上述三種脹氣機(jī)制目前都是基于推測,未見相關(guān)研究報(bào)告。

在研究過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),鈦酸鋰電池不僅在形成過程中存在嚴(yán)重的脹氣,而且在后續(xù)的回收過程中也始終存在,從而嚴(yán)重阻礙了鈦酸鋰電池的商業(yè)化進(jìn)程。目前業(yè)內(nèi)普遍認(rèn)為,鈦酸鋰電池的脹氣問題主要是由于材料本身容易吸水造成的,但并沒有確切的證據(jù)證明這一猜測。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)鈦酸鋰電池的脹氣現(xiàn)象研究較少。有研究人員認(rèn)為,LTO材料在實(shí)際電壓范圍 (1v-3v) 內(nèi)不能像碳負(fù)極那樣形成完整的SEI薄膜來抑制產(chǎn)氣反應(yīng)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)生,因此,電解液在充放電過程中始終與LTO表面直接接觸,導(dǎo)致LTO材料表面的電解質(zhì)有機(jī)溶劑不斷還原分解,這可能是LTO電池脹氣的根本原因。


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