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鋰電池隔膜的生產(chǎn)工藝

2022-08-25

鋰電池

鋰電池隔膜是電池的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)部部件之一。隔膜的性能決定了鋰電池的界面結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)阻,直接影響電池的容量、循環(huán)和安全性能。性能優(yōu)良的隔膜對(duì)提高電池的綜合性能起著重要的作用。一層多孔塑料薄膜,是鋰電材料中技術(shù)壁壘高的一種高附加值材料,約占鋰電池成本的20%-30%,毛利率可高達(dá)60%-70%。隔膜價(jià)格高的主要原因是隔膜生產(chǎn)的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)被日本和美國(guó)壟斷。國(guó)內(nèi)隔膜,尤其是高端隔膜的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)還沒有達(dá)到國(guó)外產(chǎn)品的水平。隔膜技術(shù)的難點(diǎn)在于制孔工程技術(shù)和基體材料。制孔工程技術(shù)包括隔膜制孔工藝、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定性。基體材料包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯材料和添加劑。

鋰電池隔膜的生產(chǎn)工藝有干法和濕法兩種。鋰電池隔膜干法生產(chǎn)工藝包括單向拉伸和雙向拉伸兩種:?jiǎn)蜗蚶觳捎镁A分離的工藝原理,設(shè)備復(fù)雜,精度要求高,投資大,工藝復(fù)雜,控制難度高,環(huán)保。在隔膜質(zhì)量方面,微孔尺寸大,分布均勻,微孔導(dǎo)電性好,可以生產(chǎn)不同厚度的產(chǎn)品,可以生產(chǎn)PP、PE產(chǎn)品和三層復(fù)合產(chǎn)品,但橫向韌性稍差。

雙向拉伸采用晶體轉(zhuǎn)換原理,設(shè)備復(fù)雜,投資大。一般需要成孔劑等助劑來輔助成孔。隔膜質(zhì)量上微孔徑大小,分布均勻,穩(wěn)定性差,現(xiàn)僅限生產(chǎn)較厚規(guī)格的PP薄膜。但其物理力學(xué)性能優(yōu)于單向拉伸。


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