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加入催化劑改變鹽濃度 鋰電池的動力學速率提高數(shù)倍

2022-06-20

加入催化劑改變鹽濃度 鋰電池的動力學速率提高數(shù)倍

 

科技日報訊 (記者金鳳 通訊員周偉 王洪洲)在目前研究的新型二次儲能系統(tǒng)中,鋰—氧電池是理論上比能量高的電池體系。但其放電產(chǎn)物過氧化鋰的絕緣性,阻礙了鋰—氧電池的發(fā)展進程。日前,南京工業(yè)大學陳宇輝教授課題組聯(lián)合上海大學施思齊教授以及奧地利科學家,發(fā)現(xiàn)通過改變鋰鹽濃度或者溶劑,就可以讓絕緣體的電化學速率提高數(shù)倍。研究成果近日發(fā)表在國際權(quán)威期刊《自然·催化》上。

  與鋰離子電池等插層電池主要依靠離子脫出或嵌入來平衡混合導(dǎo)電固體的氧化還原電荷不同,未來電池技術(shù)如鋰—氧電池、鋰—硫電池會產(chǎn)生絕緣物質(zhì)。鋰—氧電池在放電或充電期間將溶解在電解質(zhì)中的氧氣轉(zhuǎn)化為固態(tài)絕緣物質(zhì)過氧化鋰。鋰—硫電池可將固態(tài)絕緣物質(zhì)硫和硫化鋰相互轉(zhuǎn)化。電極與絕緣、不溶性、固體存儲材料之間會發(fā)生電荷轉(zhuǎn)移,即使在低倍率下也會導(dǎo)致高過電位和不完全轉(zhuǎn)化。

  “我們通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),用碘化鋰作為氧化還原媒介體的催化劑,在與絕緣物質(zhì)比如過氧化鋰反應(yīng)時,存在一個突變電位。”論文作者、南京工業(yè)大學博士生曹德慶介紹,當媒介體電位低于突變電位時,氧化還原媒介體在與絕緣物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的動力學較慢,當電位僅高于突變電位少許時,氧化還原媒介體與絕緣物質(zhì)反應(yīng)的動力學會突然加快。而通過改變鋰鹽濃度或者改變?nèi)軇?,就可以調(diào)節(jié)媒介體電位的變化。

  “經(jīng)過深入研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象不僅在碘化鋰中存在,在其他媒介體與過氧化鋰反應(yīng)過程中也存在,這個結(jié)論還可以延伸到除了鋰—氧電池的其他電池體系,比如鋰—硫電池?!标愑钶x說,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)突變電位存在的原因,其實是與絕緣物質(zhì)的晶面有關(guān)。因為絕緣物質(zhì)比如過氧化鋰等是多晶面的,媒介體的電位應(yīng)該超過主導(dǎo)晶面所需的低過電勢。


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