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SEI膜對(duì)鋰電池的電極性能的影響有哪些

2022-06-18

鋰電池

鋰電池的電極在許多極性非質(zhì)子溶劑體系中非常穩(wěn)定,因?yàn)樵谶@些電解質(zhì)中它們被表面膜鈍化,通常稱為鈍化膜或SEI膜。在大多數(shù)電解質(zhì)中,SEI膜主要由一些無(wú)機(jī)鹽和有機(jī)鹽組成,阻止鋰電極與電解質(zhì)的進(jìn)一步反應(yīng),讓電極的穩(wěn)定性更好,這是非水溶劑在一次鋰電池中成功應(yīng)用的原因。

在金屬鋰電池中,覆蓋在鋰電極表面的SEI膜的性能直接控制著鋰電極的電化學(xué)行為。電池的循環(huán)使用壽命取決于鋰溶解/沉積過(guò)程的不可逆容量,其中SEI膜的形成過(guò)程起著重要作用,這主要是由于以下原因:

1、金屬鋰與電解質(zhì)組分反應(yīng)所引起的腐蝕程度取決于SEI膜在其表面的鈍化性能。

2、鋰的溶解和沉積必須通過(guò)SEI膜進(jìn)行,鋰離子通過(guò)SEI膜遷移即為鋰沉積,溶解過(guò)程的速率控制步驟決定了鋰沉積-溶解過(guò)程的均勻性。

3、鋰離子可以通過(guò)SEI薄膜的沉積和溶解過(guò)程發(fā)生,但在溶解和沉積過(guò)程中,由于SEI主要由離子成分組成,很難適應(yīng)鋰表面形貌的變化過(guò)程,因此SEI膜破裂,導(dǎo)致了鋰裸,并進(jìn)一步與電解液反應(yīng)。

4、SEI膜的破裂會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些高活性位點(diǎn)的形成,這將加速鋰在這些位點(diǎn)的沉積和溶解速度,形成鋰電極表面電流分布的不均勻性,不均勻性和枝晶的形成導(dǎo)致了一系列的安全問(wèn)題。


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